四级名师语法讲义-定语从句

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2011四六级

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[综合] 英语四级考试完形填空最后攻略：单词为重 研习真题

五、定语从句：

eg：I know the girl.

The girl comes from Beijing.

I know the girl who comes from Beijing.

步骤：

1.找到两个句子中相同的名词；

2.将两个名词中的一个进行替换，若是人，用who替换；若是物，用which替换；that既可以指人，又可以指物；

3. 将who 或which引导的句子放在相同名词之后；

eg：I like reading books.

The books were written by O Henry.

I like reading books which were written by O Henry.

eg：I planted a tree.

The tree is taller than the house.

The tree which I planted is taller than the house.

1. who/that/which所引导的句子必须放在相同名词之后；

eg：The teacher prized the boy.

The boy is my neighbor.

The boy who the teacher prized is my neighbor.

eg：This is the book.

You are looking for the book.

This is the book which you are looking for.

eg：This is the book.

You are interested in the book.

This is the book which you are interested in.

2. 谓语动词（结构）和后面的介词有两种关系：关系紧密＆关系疏远；

关系紧密：谓语结构和介词合成在一起，联系紧密，不可分割，一旦分割意思就会发生改变；

eg：look for, be interested in , look after, look at

定语从句中如果谓语结构和介词关系紧密，则介词必须保留在谓语结构的后面，不能做任何位置的改动；如果谓语结构和介词关系疏远，介词一般提到which/who/that的前面；

eg: This is the book which you are looking for.

This is the book which you are interested in.

This is the book in which you are interested .

This is the book which you asked for.

3. 关系代词和关系副词：

eg：Beijing is the place.

I was born in the place.

Beijing is the place which I was born in.

Beijing is the place in which I was born .

定语从句中，如果介词+which表示地点，则可以用where替换；

Beijing is the place where I was born .

eg: I can't forget the day.

I join the army on the day.

I can't forget the day which I join the army on.

I can't forget the day on which I join the army .

I can't forget the day when I join the army .

判断：This is the mountain village where I visited last year.

This is the mountain village in which I visited last year.

This is the mountain village which I visited in last year.

正确：This is the mountain village which/that I visited last year.

4. 判断关系代词和关系副词的方法：

（1）不管是关系代词还是关系副词，都取决于从句中的谓语动词；

若该谓语动词为及物动词，则一定使用关系代词；若该谓语动词为不及物动词，且其后没有介词，则一定使用关系副词；

eg：I will never forget the days when I worked together with you.

I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.

I will never forget the days which I spent in the countryside.

（2）通过判断先行词在定语从句中的成分

eg：Is this the museum （that ） you visited a few days ago?

the museum：充当visit的宾语

Is this the museum ( in which/where ) the exhibition was held?

关系代词：前面句子里的先行词也要在后面的句子里充当主语或者宾语的成分；

介词+which，恰好表示时间和地点，可以替换成when，where这样的关系副词；

5 限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句

(1) 非限定性定语从句：先行词（即名词）后有一个逗号；

eg: In our school，there were 8 foreign teachers who come from Australia.（限定性定语从句）

In our school，there were 8 foreign teachers， who come from Australia.（非限定性定语从句）

限定性定语从句：定语从句和关系词关系非常紧密，删掉定语从句后，整个句子意思会改变；

非限定性定语从句：定语从句和关系词关系不是很紧密，删掉定语从句后，整个句子意思不会改变，定语从句只起到补充说明的意义；

eg：This is the house which we bought last month.

（2）非限定性定语从句：

①先行词是前面的整句话；

eg: He won the first place in the competition, which is out of our expectation.

We will spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, which was decided last year.

This is the house, which we bought last month.

② 非限定性定语从句：which引导非限制性定语从句只能放在后面，as则只能放在句子前面；

eg: Smoking is harmful to our heath, which we know.

Smoking is harmful to our heath, as we know.

As we know, smoking is harmful to our heath.

eg：Alice received an invitation from her boss（ ） came as a surprise .

A. It B. that C. as D. which

(3)that和which的区别： ①什么时候不能用that，只能用which：非限定性定语从句中，即逗号之后；

eg：The tree , that is 400 years old, which is very famous here.

②什么时候不能用that，只能用which：非限定性定语从句中，即逗号之后；介词后面不能用that，只能用which；

eg：The tree , that is 400 years old, which is very famous here.

We depend on the land, from which we can get our food .

in that：因为；

（4）什么时候不能用which，只能用that：

① 前面的先行词是不定代词，包括all，anything，nothing，the one， much，little等； eg：Have you taken down everything that Mr. Lee has said ?

② 如果先行词中出现了the only, the very等；

eg：This is the only way that we can think out.

③ 如果先行词中出现了序数词和形容词最高级；

eg：This is the best film that I have ever seen.

④ 如果先行词中即有人，又有物；

eg：They are talking about the school and the teachers that they visited yesterday.

例：Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems (他们至今还没找到答案）.

they havn't found solutions/answers to these problems.

there are many problems which they havn't found solutions/answers to.

例：（与我成长的地方相比），this town is more prosperous and exciting.

Compared with the place in which/where I grew up,

例：（听到他告诉我的消息），I couldn’t help laughing．

Hearing the news which/that he told me,

例：Career experts say that one of the ways job seekers can stay safe while using the Internet to search out jobs is to conceal their identities.

当先行词中是the way的时候，后面的连接词可以用that，可以用which和in which，甚至可以不填；

四级历年真题（2001-2009）

2001年1月	2001年6月	2002年1月	2002年6月	2003年1月
2003年6月	2003年9月	2004年1月	2004年6月	2005年1月
2005年6月	2005年12月	2006年6月	2006年12月	2007年6月
2007年12月	2008年6月	2008年12月	2009年6月	2009年12月

六级历年真题（2001-2009）