08年12月四级听力考试真题

Passage One

　　Members of the city council and distinguished guests, it is my privilege to introduce to you today Mr. Robert Washington, chief of our city’s police force. He will address us on the subject of the Community Policing Program. Most of you know that Mr. Washington has a distinguished record as head of our police force for more than ten years. However, you may not know that he also holds a master’s degree in criminology and studied abroad for a year with the international police force which deals with crimes around the world. Mr. Washington first introduced the Community Policing Program 8 years ago. The idea behind the program is to get the police officers out of their cars and into our neighborhoods where they can talk directly to merchants and residents about the real dynamics of our city. These officers do more than make arrests. They try to find ways to help solve the problems that contribute to crime in the first place. Often that means hooking people up with services offered by other city agencies, such as schools, hospitals, housing, drug treatment centers. And the program seems to be working: crime is down and our citizens report that they feel more secure. Today Mr. Washington is going to tell us more about this program. Now let’s welcome Mr. Robert Washington.

　　26. What is the purpose of the speaker’s remarks?

　　He will address us on the subject of community policing program.

　　27. What does the speaker say about Mr. Robert Washington?

　　Most of you know that Mr. Washington has a distinguished record as head of our police force for more than ten years. However, you may not know that he also holds a master’s degree in criminology and studied abroad for a year with the international police force which deals with crimes around the world. Mr. Washington first introduced the community policing program 8 years ago.

　　28. What is the idea behind the Community Policing Program?

　　The idea behind the program is to get the police officers out of their cars and into our neighborhoods where they can talk directly to merchants and residents about the real dynamics of our city.

　　29. How has the Community Policing Program turned out to be?

　　And the program seems to be working, crime is down and our citizens report that they feel more secure.

听力长对话1

　　F: Simon, how does it feel to be retired?

　　M: Well, not so bad.

　　F: How have you been spending your time?

　　M: I have been spending more time with my family. I’ve also travelled a bit, you know, off season when everywhere is less crowded and hotels cost less.

　　F: Great.

　　M: You know I haven’t stopped work completely.

　　F: Yes, could you tell us more about this?

　　M: I’m on a scheme that’s called phased retirement; I had a six-month break from work, after that I could apply for project work with the company I used to work for.

　　F: How does the scheme work?

　　M: Well, it’s a trial at the moment. Instead of hiring temporary stuff, the company advertises posts on its website that retired employees like myself can access.

　　F: What sort of works advertised?

　　M: Well, all sorts of things, really. Administrative work and more specialized work, the sort of thing I can do. Some of the projects can last five or six months, and others can just be a couple of days. I can decide more or less when to work. So I can manage my own time.

　　F: I can see it’s good for you. What is your company get out of this?

　　M: Well, I still have all my old contacts at work, so I know who to contact to get something done. The company gets flexibility, too. Once the job’s over, that’s it. I’m not on their books any more.

　　Questions 19-21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

　　19. Why does Simon find his retired life enjoyable?

　　20. How does Simon get to know about the company’s available posts?

　　21. Why does the company adopt the phased retirement scheme?

长对话2

　　W: Oh, where are we going?

　　M: I want to show you something.

　　W: I know, but what is it?

　　M: A farm. It’s just down this road. It’s a small place, but at least it would be our own.

　　W: A farm? How can we afford to buy a farm?

　　M: It isn’t very large, only 40 acres. We wouldn’t have to pay very much right now.

　　W: Is there a house on the place?

　　M: A small one, two bedrooms, but it needs to be fixed up a little. I can do the job myself.

　　W: OK. Is there enough space for a kitchen garden?

　　M: There is about half an acre around the house. That’s plenty of space.

　　W: Then we can grow our own fresh vegetables. And maybe keep a few chickens, couldn’t we?

　　M: Yes, and we can probably grow a lot of our own food.

　　W: What are you thinking about growing, if we do take this place?

　　M: Well, it really isn’t big enough for corn. I thought we might try to raise a crop of potatoes.

　　W: Potatoes? There are a lot of work.

　　M: We are used to hard work, aren’t we?

　　W: Yes, we are, but the money. Do we have enough to get started? It seems like a dream.

　　M: I think we’ve saved enough. We can pay a little on the farm and maybe put a few dollars down on the tractor, too.

　　Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

　　Q 22:

　　What are the speakers going to do at the time of the conversation?

　　Q 23:

　　What does the man say about the farm?

　　Q 24:

　　Why does the man intend to grow potatoes rather than corn on the farm?

　　Q 25:

　　What is the woman’s greatest concern about the man’s plan?

　　There are between 3000 and 6000 public languages in the world, and we must add approximately 6 billion private languages since each one of us necessarily has one. Considering these facts, the possibilities for breakdowns in communication seem infinite in number. However, we do communicate successfully from time to time. And we do learn to speak languages. But learning to speak languages seems to be a very mysterious process. For a long time, people thought that we learned a language only by imitation and association. For example, a baby touches a hot pot and starts to cry. The mother says, “Hot, hot!” And the baby, when it stops crying, imitates the mother and says, “Hot, hot!” However, Noam Chomsky, a famous expert in language, pointed out that although children do learn some words by imitation and association, they also combine words to make meaningful sentences in ways that are unique, unlearned and creative. Because young children can make sentences they have never heard before, Chomsky suggested that human infants are born with the ability to learn language. Chomsky meant that underneath all the differences between public and private languages, there is a universal language mechanism that makes it possible for us, as infants, to learn any language in the world. This theory explains the potential that human infants have for learning language. But it does not really explain how children come to use language in particular ways.

　　Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　Question 30. Why does the speaker say there are great possibilities for communication breakdowns?

　　There are numerous public and private languages.

　　Question 31. What is Chomsky’s point on the ability to learn a language?

　　Human infants are born with the ability to learn language and the potential to learn any language in the world.

　　Question 32. What does Chomsky’s theory fail to explain according to the speaker?

　　It does not really explain how children come to use language in particular ways.